Recognising concrete damage: first assessment and when to call an expert
Learn how to record visible concrete defects, understand the limits of a first inspection and decide when further assessment is needed.
Concrete damage
Cracks in concrete: how to observe and record change
Record a concrete crack’s location, pattern, visible width and changes over time. Learn what a visual inspection can and cannot establish.
Recognising spalling, delamination and exposed reinforcement in concrete
Learn how subsurface delamination, spalling and exposed reinforcement differ, and when further assessment is needed.
Reinforcement corrosion in concrete: signs and assessment
Rust staining, cracking and spalling may indicate corrosion. Learn how investigation can establish causes and extent.
Concrete carbonation: what a depth test can and cannot tell you
Learn how an indicator test reveals a carbonation zone on a sample and why one reading is not a corrosion diagnosis.
Chlorides and de-icing salts in concrete: sources and depth profiles
Where do chlorides come from, and how can a depth profile show their distribution in a concrete member?
Freeze-thaw damage in concrete: recognising and distinguishing it
Scaling may result from freeze-thaw, but also from salts, corrosion or a weak surface layer. Learn what evidence can help.
Concrete investigation before repair: from inspection to report
Which visual, field and laboratory investigations help before repair, and how should you read the limits of a report?